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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Housefly Maggot Meal (magmeal) Diets on Catalase, and Glutathione S-transferase in the Liver and Gills of Carp (\textit{Cyprinus carpio}) Fingerling},pdfauthor={Johnny O. Ogunji, Jorge Nimptsch, Claudia Wiegand, Carsten Schulz, Bernhard Rennert},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cyprinus carpio, Fish meal replacement, Fishmeal, Growth performance, Housefly maggot meal },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect of Housefly Maggot Meal (magmeal) Diets on Catalase, and Glutathione S-transferase in the Liver and Gills of Carp (\textit{Cyprinus carpio}) Fingerling\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} John\-ny Ony\-ema Ogunji, Ebonyi State University, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, PMB 053~Abakaliki, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ogunjijo@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{John\-ny Ony\-ema Ogunji$^{1}$, Jorge Nimptsch$^{2}$, Claudia Wiegand$^{3}$, Carsten Schulz$^{4}$, Bernhard Rennert$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ebonyi State University, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany, Inland Fisheries, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany, Inland Fisheries, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Marine Aquaculture, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of  Inland Fisheries, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ogunji, John\-ny Ony\-ema}
\index[author]{Nimptsch, Jorge}
\index[author]{Wiegand, Claudia}
\index[author]{Schulz, Carsten}
\index[author]{Rennert, Bernhard}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Effect of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in  liver and gills of carp, \textit{Cyprinus carpio} fingerling was studied. Eight isonitrogenous diets (C; A1 --- A4; B1 --- B3) were formulated to yield a content of around \mbox{41\,\%} crude protein dry matter using fishmeal and magmeal as major dietary protein sources. Diets B1 --- B3 however, contained a non"=varying amount of soy meal. Fishmeal concentration in the diets decreased with increasing concentration of magmeal. Diet C, formulated with the highest inclusion level of fish meal and without magmeal served as the control. Silicate gel was used to balance the nutrient content of the diets. After 56 days feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of carp improved as fish meal was replaced in diets with magmeal up to an incorporation level of \mbox{45\,\%}.  Fish fed by diets C, A1 and A2 showed the significantly best BWG\%, SGR, FCR and PER. Fish fed diet A4 realised a significantly reduced performance. Reduction of fishmeal from \mbox{62\,\%} in the control diet to \mbox{53\,\%}  (supplying \mbox{35.19\,\%} cp) and \mbox{30\,\%} (supplying \mbox{19.92\,\%} cp) respectively, by substituting with \mbox{15\,\%}  magmeal (supplying \mbox{6.98\,\%} cp) in diet A1 and \mbox{45\,\%} magmeal (supplying \mbox{20.95\,\%} cp) in diet A2 improved final fish growth and performance. Diets high in magmeal impacted negatively on the growth of fish (particularly diets A4 and B1). Results from GST indicate that experimental feed components did not contain unwanted chemicals, such as pharmaceutics or pesticides to critical concentrations that would adversely affect fish performance. Inclusion of soy meal in diets did not confer any significant antioxidative and biotransformation stress effect on the fish but compromised the quantity of magmeal in carp diets able to bring about good performance when used without soymeal combination. Based on values of SGR, food conversion ratio (FCR) and enzyme activities, including magmeal above the level of \mbox{45\,\%} (diet A2) and below \mbox{67\,\%} (diet A3) in carp diets would improve optimal growth performance of carp.  At such a level, magmeal can  supply between \mbox{50\,\%} and \mbox{75\,\%} cp needed in the carp diet. }

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} \textit{Cyprinus carpio}, Fish meal replacement, Fishmeal, Growth performance, Housefly maggot meal 
\index[key]{Cyprinus carpio@\textit{Cyprinus carpio}}
\index[key]{Fish meal replacement}
\index[key]{Fishmeal}
\index[key]{Growth!performance}
\index[key]{Housefly maggot meal }
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