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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Production System of Camel (\textit{Camelus dromedarus}) in Gedarif State, Eastern Sudan},pdfauthor={Yousif  Mohammed Abdalatif, Mohamed Osman Eisa M.o., Amir Mohamed Salih},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Camel, Gedarif, migration, production system  },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Production System of Camel (\textit{Camelus dromedarus}) in Gedarif State, Eastern Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mohamed Osman Eisa M.o., Faculty of Agriculture - Omdurman Islamic University,  Animal Production, Dept. of Animal Production - Faculty of Agric. - Omdurman Islamic University, 14415~Omdurman, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{alhagmo33@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Yousif  Mohammed Abdalatif$^{1}$, Mohamed Osman Eisa M.o.$^{2}$, Amir Mohamed Salih$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries, Gedarif State, Zip Code 432, Gedarif- Sudan,  Animal Production, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Faculty of Agriculture - Omdurman Islamic University,  Animal Production, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum. Zip Code 13314, Khartoum North - Sudan, Animal Nutrition, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Abdalatif, Yousif  Mohammed}
\index[author]{Eisa M.o., Mohamed Osman}
\index[author]{Salih, Amir Mohamed}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This study was conducted between Oct 2005 and Aug 2008 in Gedarif State, Eastern Sudan. The aim of this study was to identify the management system under which camels are raised and to illuminates the breeds type, husbandry practices and production constraints in the study area. A well- designed questionnaire was prepared, and one hundred and fifty three camel herders and owners were studied. In addition, 30 herds of camels were closely surveyed for 18 months. The results showed that the herd structure in Gedarif State is composed of \mbox{73.3\,\%}   females and \mbox{26.7\,\%}  males of all ages.  There were three types of camel production systems in the study area (Gedarif State), namely , nomadic, semi"=nomadic and sedentary. The nomads represented  \mbox{58.8\,\%} of camels rearing tribes, while semi ---nomadic system represented \mbox{30.9\,\%}, and sedentary represent \mbox{10.3\,\%}. Nomads stay for 8 months in the southern part of Gedarif State and 4 months in the northern part .They covered a distance ranging between 400 and 600 km annually. In Gedarif State the nomads travel along traditionally defined eight migration routes. The movement is  usually from south to north in the rainy season to avoid flies, mud and insects and from north to south during the dry season. In both journey they were looking for grazing areas and water sources. The distance covered annually ranges between 300 and 600 km per migration . Camels kept in nomadic system depended entirely on natural pasture in their feeding during seasonal movement. Most of the breeding practices takes place in the rainy season and early winter .Under semi --- nomadic system camel owners buy sorghum straw after the harvest and the price varies according to   the availability of water for camels .In the sedentary system most camels are kept throughout the years in one place. Cost of production under this system is the most expensive. Watering system under the three types of camel rearing areas, are Hafirs, natural  depressions, khors, wadis, boreholes and hand dug wells . Watering and feeding were considered as the serious constraints of camel production in Gedarif state }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Camel, Gedarif, migration, production system  
\index[key]{Camel}
\index[key]{Gedarif}
\index[key]{Migration}
\index[key]{Production system  }
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