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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Carabid Activity"=density and Species Richness in Semi"=natural Habitats and Adjoining Wheat Fields},pdfauthor={Muhammad Zubair Anjum, Thomas Frank, Martin H. Schmidt-Entling},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Activity-density, carabidae, Grassy margins, semi-natural habitat, Species richness, wildflower areas},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Carabid Activity"=density and Species Richness in Semi"=natural Habitats and Adjoining Wheat Fields\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Muhammad Zubair Anjum, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria., Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research., Boku Institute of Zoology Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33., 1180~Vienna, Austria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{zubairanjum@hotmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Muhammad Zubair Anjum$^{1}$, Thomas Frank$^{2}$, Martin H. Schmidt-Entling$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria., Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research., Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria., Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research., }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Bern, Switzerland., Community Ecology, }}}
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\index[author]{Anjum, Muhammad Zubair}
\index[author]{Frank, Thomas}
\index[author]{Schmidt-Entling, Martin H.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Crop fields and their surroundings are important for local biological control. Predator abundance, species richness and species diversity increased with increasing vegetation diversity in wheat fields and with increasing amount of non"=cultivated lands in the surrounding landscape. Semi"=natural habitats adjoining arable fields such as grassy field margins or sown wildflower areas (SWA) may fulfil an important role in the conservation of farmland biodiversity. Here, we compared carabid activity"=density, species richness and assemblage similarity among 20 winter wheat fields, ten grassy field margins and ten SWA. Compared mean analysis of carabid activity"=density and species richness between wheat fields and adjoining SWA, wheat fields and adjoining grassy margins, SWA and grassy margins, and fields adjoining SWA and fields adjoining grassy margins were performed by paired"=sample T-test using SPSS. Total activity"=density was significantly higher in wheat fields than in adjoining SWA and total species richness was significantly larger in grassy margins compared to adjoining wheat fields. Activity"=density of macropterous carabids, polyphagous carnivorous carabids and euryoecious open habitat carabids was significantly higher in wheat fields than in adjoining SWA. Species richness of stenoecious open habitat carabids was significantly higher in grassy margins than in adjoining fields. PERMANOVA model revealed significant effects of habitat type and landscape on the similarity of carabid assemblages. Overall, the PERMANOVA model explained \mbox{47.8\,\%} of the variation in carabid assemblages. SWA were not shown to overall promote carabid beetles more than grassy margins. This may be due to the higher abundance of perennial grasses in grassy margins compared to SWA which are favourable overwintering sites for carabids. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Activity"=density, carabidae, Grassy margins, semi"=natural habitat, Species richness, wildflower areas
\index[key]{Activity"=density}
\index[key]{Carabidae}
\index[key]{Grassy margins}
\index[key]{Semi"=natural habitat}
\index[key]{Species richness}
\index[key]{Wildflower areas}
\end{document}