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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Solid State Fermentation as Utilisation Method of Tannery Flesh Waste},pdfauthor={Setya Budi Muhammad Abduh},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Flesh, solid state fermentation, tannery, waste},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Solid State Fermentation as Utilisation Method of Tannery Flesh Waste\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Setya Budi Muhammad Abduh, Diponegoro University, Animal Agriculture, Egilolfstrasse 48. Room-Nr. 0001, 70599~Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{s.doehh@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Setya Budi Muhammad Abduh}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Diponegoro University, Animal Agriculture, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Abduh, Setya Budi Muhammad}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Tannery industries which produce leathers leave solid waste. The waste comes mainly from fleshing, process which removes protein and fat containing subcutaneous flesh from green hides and skins, before next processing to end product as leather. The flesh removed can reach up to \mbox{30\,\%} of green weight and remained as waste. Letting the waste on the ground to dry by sun is a current method to handle. However, this method has lead to some environmental problems. Previous method developed by author to solve the problems in a tannery firm in Indonesia was by utilising the waste as protein source of broiler feed. The feed produced could successfully substitute the common feed protein source. However, value gained from the feed production was not quite interesting to the tannery firms to handle their flesh waste better. Concerning this, appropriate method of utilisation to produce more valuable compound is considered to be essential to solve the flesh related environmental problem. Solid state fermentation seemed potentially applicable for this purpose. Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a fermentation process which is carried out on a solid medium with a low water activity, typically 0.40---0.90, in an aseptic condition. SSF has been applied for some Asian food production and also has been developed to produce several valuable metabolites for food and medicinal purposive with many agricultural by"=products as the substrate. Drum bioreactors are usually used in the process according to the certain substrate condition. SSF is potentially adopted to solve the environmental problem caused by tannery flesh waste and to produce any valuable metabolite since the tannery industries have applied several drums during their tanning process. These drums can be modified and applied for fermentation. Several steps of course need to be performed in order to achieve this purpose. They would include microbial isolation and characterisation from the waste, laboratory scale optimisation of SSF, laboratory scale drum bioreactor SSF application and optimisation and scale"=up drum bioreactor SSF application and optimisation. Characterisation of microbes living on the waste is the most important since it will be the base of the other continuing steps.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Flesh, solid state fermentation, tannery, waste
\index[key]{Flesh}
\index[key]{Solid state fermentation}
\index[key]{Tannery}
\index[key]{Waste}
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