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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Virus"=host Interactions in the Cassava Brown Streak Disease Pathosystem},pdfauthor={Ibrahim Umar Mohammed, M.N. Gowda Maruthi, Rory J. Hillocks},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={CBSV, Grafting, RT-PCR},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Virus"=host Interactions in the Cassava Brown Streak Disease Pathosystem\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} M.N. Gowda Maruthi, University of Greenwich, NRI, Maritime Avenue, ME4 4TB~Chatham, United Kingdom, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ m.n.maruthi@greenwich.ac.uk}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ibrahim Umar Mohammed$^{1}$, M.N. Gowda Maruthi$^{2}$, Rory J. Hillocks$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Greenwich, Nri, United Kingdom}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Greenwich, NRI, United Kingdom}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Greenwich, Nri, }}}
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\index[author]{Mohammed, Ibrahim Umar}
\index[author]{Maruthi, M.N. Gowda}
\index[author]{Hillocks, Rory J.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Cassava is the most important food security crop for over 800 million people in the tropical world. This security is being threatened by high incidences of virus diseases for example cassava Geminiviruses (CMGs) which cause cassava mosaic disease and cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) which cause cassava brown streak disease. Yield losses of up to \mbox{70\,\%} occur due to the damage caused by corky necrosis on tuberous roots which render them inconsumable. Research has been conducted since the 1930s in attempt to secure resistance to CBSV. However, the mechanisms of resistance/tolerance in cassava to CBSD have not been understood. To determine symptom diversity in different CBSD isolates from different countries, CBSD infected scions were grafted of six CBSV isolates was carried out and mechanical transmission (Sap transmission) was also carried out using Kibaha and Naliendale isolates from Tanzania, Nampula from Mozambique, Mwalumba from Kenya and Kyabanyoro from Uganda. Five cassava varieties Colombian, Albert, Kiroba, TMS66044 and Ebwanaterake were used for graft transmission of the six CBSV isolates from cassava to cassava and from cassava to 13 habaceous host plants. CBSD symptoms in general were highly variable but there were two clear patterns associated with particular isolates: Pattern 1: Irregular concentric yellow patches. These symptoms were associated with isolates Kibaha and Kabanyoro.  Pattern 2: Leaf feathering, uniform vein clearing symptoms.These symptoms were associated with the isolates Nampula, Naliendele, Zanzibar and Kenyan. Symptoms expressed by the six CBSV isolates in herbaceous host plants varied but in general included leaf chlorosis, mosaic, mottling and stunting of the infected plants. The noticeable symptoms included the development of the local lesion on N. tabacum nn, chlorosis/mosaic patterns on N. tabacum NN and the vein clearing on N. benthamiana by all the isolates. All six CBSV isolates infected Datura stramonium, Nicotiana clevelendii, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum nn, N. tabacum NN and N. rustica with varying rates of infection. 



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} CBSV, Grafting, RT-PCR
\index[key]{CBSV}
\index[key]{Grafting}
\index[key]{RT-PCR}
\end{document}