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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Cellulase Activity of \textit{Aspergillus Niger}, Trichoderma Viride and \textit{Rhizopus }Oryzae Fermented on Rice Husk},pdfauthor={Seimiyenkumo Taria Ofongo, Eustace Ayemere Iyayi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cellulase, enzyme activity, rice husk},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Cellulase Activity of \textit{Aspergillus Niger}, Trichoderma Viride and \textit{Rhizopus }Oryzae Fermented on Rice Husk\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Seimiyenkumo Taria Ofongo, University of Ibadan, Departement of Animal Science, Ibadan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{tariruth@live.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Seimiyenkumo Taria Ofongo$^{1}$, Eustace Ayemere Iyayi$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Ibadan, Departement of Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Ibadan, Department of Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ofongo, Seimiyenkumo Taria}
\index[author]{Iyayi, Eustace Ayemere}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Cellulose degradation depends on the synergistic action of the different components of cellulase enzyme. The induction of synthesis of individual components of cellulase enzyme is different in different fungi. This study was carried out to determine the cellulase activity of \textit{Aspergillus niger} (AN), Trichoderma viride (TV) and \textit{Rhizopus }oryzae (RO) fermented rice husk (RH) in mono and mixed culture.



Fifty miles of basal medium was added to 0.5gm of RH in 150ml Erlen meyer flasks prepared in triplicates for each fungus and their mixed cultures. Sterilisation was carried out at 121°C for 15 min at 15psi. The flasks were allowed to cool then inoculated with 3mls of aseptically prepared inoculums and incubated at 30° $\pm$ 2°C. The contents of each flask were filtered through sterile whatman number one filter paper after 7 days and the filtrate used to determine cellulase activity against filter paper (FPA), carboxy methyl cellulose (CMCase) and $\beta$-glucosidase activity using P-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-glucosidase (PNPG) as substrates.



\textit{Aspergillus niger} showed ($p < 0.05$) increase in $\beta$-glucosidase activity (\unitfrac[3.0]{iu}{ml}) in contrast to TV (\unitfrac[1.8]{iu}{ml}) with the least $\beta$-glucosidase activity. Carboxymethyl cellulase activity was not significantly ($p > 0.05$) different in AN (\unitfrac[3.97]{iu}{ml}), TV (\unitfrac[4.6]{iu}{ml}) and RO (\unitfrac[4.64]{iu}{ml}). The least value was recorded in AN. Filter paper activity (a measure of cellobiohydrolase activity) was best in TV (\unitfrac[2.87]{iu}{ml}) compared to AN (\unitfrac[2.63]{iu}{ml}). CMCase activity was significantly ($p < 0.05$) high in mixed culture of \textit{A.~niger} + T. viride + R. oryzae (\unitfrac[4.90]{iu}{ml}) and T. viride + R. oryzae (\unitfrac[4.83]{iu}{ml}). A similar observation was made for FPA activity and $\beta$-glucosidase activity which was also significantly ($p < 0.05$) high in \textit{A.~niger} + T. viride + R. oryzae (\unitfrac[4.79]{iu}{ml}) compared to T. viride + R. oryzae (\unitfrac[2.65]{iu}{ml})



Fermentation of RH with either mono or mixed cultutre of \textit{A.~niger}, T. niger and R. oryzae yielded better cellulase enzyme activity. The synergistic action of the cellulase enzyme complex was more evident in mixed culture fermentation of RH.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cellulase, enzyme activity, rice husk
\index[key]{Cellulase}
\index[key]{Enzyme activity}
\index[key]{Rice!husk}
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