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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Determinants of Farmers Adaptation to Climate Change in Semi"=arid Areas of Tanzania. A Case Study of Singida District Council, Tanzania},pdfauthor={Jonathan Mbwambo, Stanley Mngale},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Adaptation, semi-arid areas, climate change},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Determinants of Farmers Adaptation to Climate Change in Semi"=arid Areas of Tanzania. A Case Study of Singida District Council, Tanzania\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Jonathan Mbwambo, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Development Studies Institute, P.O. Box 3024, 255~Morogoro, Tanzania, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{jonahtz@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Jonathan Mbwambo$^{1}$, Stanley Mngale$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Sokoine University of Agriculture, Development Studies Institute, Tanzania}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Prime Ministers Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, Tanzania}}}
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\index[author]{Mbwambo, Jonathan}
\index[author]{Mngale, Stanley}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The climate is changing and mitigation efforts to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases will take time. Adaptation through the development of adapting strategies is therefore critical and of concern in developing countries, particularly in Africa where vulnerability is high because ability to adapt is low. However, development of adaptation strategies among smallholder farmer differs depending on a number of factors. The study was therefore done in Singida District Council to identify adaptation practices developed by farmer. The study also established determinants of adaptation strategies as a response to climate change. A total of 180 respondents were interviewed for this study. Multinomial Logit Model was used to determine the relative contribution of selected variables to the dependent variable. The model was used on the assumption that each farmer faces a set of discrete, mutually exclusive choices of adaptation measures. These measures are assumed to depend on a number of climate attributes, socioeconomic characteristics and other factors. The results show a significant model suggesting the model has a strong explanatory power. More than \mbox{59\,\%} of farmers associated climate change and increased temperature and unstable precipitation. Mixed multiple crops and livestock were the main adaptation practice indicated by nearly \mbox{52\,\%} of farmers. However, adoption of this practice is determined by access to extension and credit services. The study concludes that farmer's adaptation to climate change need to be supported by other services such as access to credit and extensions services. Moreover, farmers based features such as experience and size of land holdings is also important in the development and adoption of adaptive practices for climate change.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Adaptation, semi"=arid areas, climate change
\index[key]{Semi"=arid areas}
\index[key]{Climate change}
\index[key]{Farmers!adaptation}
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