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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Variety and Heterogeneity of Humus Forms in Mixed Beech Forests of North of Iran},pdfauthor={Seyyed Mohammad Waez Mousavi, Hashem Habashi, Toktam Sajedi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Ecosystem management, humus form, Hycanian forests, mixed beech stand},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Variety and Heterogeneity of Humus Forms in Mixed Beech Forests of North of Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Seyyed Mohammad Waez Mousavi, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Forestry and Wood Technology Faculty, Forest Ecology, Shahid Beheshti Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49165-386~Gorgan, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{smwaez@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Seyyed Mohammad Waez Mousavi$^{1}$, Hashem Habashi$^{2}$, Toktam Sajedi$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Forestry and Wood Technology Faculty, Forest Ecology, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Forestry and Wood Technology Faculty, Forest Ecology, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of British Columbia, Forest Science, }}}
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\index[author]{Waez Mousavi, Seyyed Mohammad}
\index[author]{Habashi, Hashem}
\index[author]{Sajedi, Toktam}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Humus forms are organic and organic"=enriched mineral horizons at the soil surface. Humus form description methods are mostly based on morphological properties, therefore are inexpensive and practical. Humus forms are indicators of ecosystem conditions and characteristics; it also can be used as a demonstrator of site index. The study of humus forms is an easy and relatively cheap way to have some ecological information on site conditions like nutrient status, soil acidity and decomposition rate. These kinds of information are useful in ecosystem management. The aim of this study was to investigate humus forms and their variety as well as heterogeneity in Hyrcanian forest ecosystems. Aforementioned forests are temperate deciduous forests located in north of Iran. In this manner 320 humus profiles were considered in parcel 32 of Shast Kalate forest, experimental forest of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The mentioned parcel with the area of about \mbox{80\,ha} mostly is covered with mixed beech stands. Humus form of each profile has been determined as to order and suborder level. Results showed that there were 3 different humus orders including Mull (\mbox{66.5\,\%}), Moder (\mbox{33.2\,\%}) and Mor (\mbox{0.3\,\%}), and 6 suborders including vermimull (209), leptomoder (64), mullmoder (37), mormoder (5), rhizomull \textbf{(4)}~and hemimor (1). Abundance of Mull order (\mbox{66.5\,\%} of all profiles) and lack of Mor order (less than \mbox{1\,\%} of all profiles) indicates high decomposition rate and fast nutrient cycling in the study area. The results can be considered in forest management plan in aforementioned forest. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Ecosystem management, humus form, Hycanian forests, mixed beech stand
\index[key]{Ecosystem management}
\index[key]{Humus form}
\index[key]{Hycanian forests}
\index[key]{Mixed beech stand}
\end{document}