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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Wheat Production and Water Crisis in Iran: Challenges and Solutions},pdfauthor={Ma'soumeh Forouzani, Ezatollah Karami},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Iran , Water crisis, Water management, wheat production},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Wheat Production and Water Crisis in Iran: Challenges and Solutions\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ma'soumeh Forouzani, Shiraz University, Agricultural Extension, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education College of Agriculture, Shiraz, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{forouzani@shirazu.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ma'soumeh Forouzani$^{1}$, Ezatollah Karami$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Shiraz University, Agricultural Extension, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Shiraz University, Agricultural Extension, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Forouzani, Ma'soumeh}
\index[author]{Karami, Ezatollah}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Iran is a dry country that is located in the arid and semi"=arid regions of the world. Because of the main origin of water resources for agriculture in Iran is precipitation, the agricultural system which is dominated by wheat production, is affected by water availability. Wheat as the most important strategic crop is cultivated in the huge amount of arable areas. Self sufficiency in food production has been the main policy of agricultural sector during 30 years ago, and as a result the government has increased its support for wheat production through spending subsidies on external inputs such as supplying high quality seeds, chemical fertilisers and guaranteed procurement prices as well. Over population, changes in the structure of power in rural communities due to land reform, expansion of external inputs and resource consumer technologies after green revolution are the factors that influence agricultural sector directly and led it to worse situation in the sense of natural resources especially water resources. The farmers' desire to produce higher yields of wheat has caused to high exploitation of groundwater. Over exploitation of water resources coupled with low irrigation productivity play a large role in raising water crisis that threats the food security in Iran. They are the two major problems of production system in Iran especially during the periods of drought. This paper offers at least a glimpse of the wheat production and then concentrates on the roots of water crisis in Iran. It also emphasises on the two aspects of water wealth, namely water availability and water productivity. It concludes that the continuation of wheat production can no longer focuses on availability of water resources only, and the productivity of water usage is more important issue. Finally it proposes some recommendations on improving water management, as well as, on increasing the agricultural water productivity in Iran. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Iran , Water crisis, Water management, wheat production
\index[key]{Iran }
\index[key]{Water!crisis}
\index[key]{Water!management}
\index[key]{Wheat production}
\end{document}