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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Evaluation of Some Biosecurity Components in Dairy Farms in Khartoum State, Sudan},pdfauthor={Shamseldein Ahmed, Raga Elzaki, Ahmed Ismael},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={ Socioeconomics, biosecurity, cattle management practices,, Dairy farms},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Evaluation of Some Biosecurity Components in Dairy Farms in Khartoum State, Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Shamseldein Ahmed, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Basic Sciences, House No 641, Khartoum North, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{shamshahmed@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Shamseldein Ahmed$^{1}$, Raga Elzaki$^{2}$, Ahmed Ismael$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Sudan University of Science and Technology, Basic Sciences, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Gezira, Department of Rural Economics and Development, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Sudan University of Science and Technology, Parasitology, Microbiology and Pathology, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ahmed, Shamseldein}
\index[author]{Elzaki, Raga}
\index[author]{Ismael, Ahmed}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The present studies aimed at analysing the impacts of the socioeconomics characters of the farmers; and identify the situation of the dairy farms in Khartoum State with respect to some biosecurity components, and to outline the suggestions that might lead to improvement in biosecurity practices. A total of sixty dairy farms, farms from Khartoum, Omdurman and East Nile commissionaires respectively, were randomly selected, , during the period January-July 2009 to conduct this study.  Field surveys were conducted through structured questionnaires and guided interviews with farmers; with emphasis on arthropods control specially blood sucking parasites, using chemical insecticides and the type of management adopted in their farms. Collected data was tabulated and analysed by simple percentages and frequencies. 



The results showed that all farms were owned by males. Most of farmers had higher education. Only few of them were illiterate. Approximately fifty percent of them have more than forty dairy cows. Most of the farmers do not properly dispose and remove carcasses of dead cattle; Isolation of sick cows is not practised by a large number of farmers. The effect of flies on the health of animals or on the production is not known to the most of the farmers. Furthermore, the results reveled that most of the farms have no entrance signs to their farms, and have no footbath at the main gate of the farms. The study also showed that wet summer conditions favours the spread and infestation of flies', while the dry summer favours the spread and infestation of tick .In most farms  insecticide spray is carried out manually by the farmers for elimination of arthropods twice a month. this practice is not under veterinary supervision. 







 



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:}  Socioeconomics, biosecurity, cattle management practices,, Dairy farms
\index[key]{ Socioeconomics}
\index[key]{Biosecurity}
\index[key]{Cattle management practices,}
\index[key]{Dairy farms}
\end{document}