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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Different Integrated Weed Management Methods on Behaviour of Weeds Seed Bank},pdfauthor={Asieh Siah-Marguee, Alireza Koocheki, Saeed Mahghani, Golsoomeh Azizi, Surur Khorramdel, Maryam Jahani},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Integrated weed management, seed bank size. Suger beet},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect of Different Integrated Weed Management Methods on Behaviour of Weeds Seed Bank\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Asieh Siah-Marguee, Islamic Azad University of Gorgan, Agronomy, Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{siahmargue@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Asieh Siah-Marguee$^{1}$, Alireza Koocheki$^{2}$, Saeed Mahghani$^{3}$, Golsoomeh Azizi$^{4}$, Surur Khorramdel$^{5}$, Maryam Jahani$^{6}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Islamic Azad University of Gorgan, Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Graduate Student of Tabriz University, Agronomy, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Payam Noor University, Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Siah-Marguee, Asieh}
\index[author]{Koocheki, Alireza}
\index[author]{Mahghani, Saeed}
\index[author]{Azizi, Golsoomeh}
\index[author]{Khorramdel, Surur}
\index[author]{Jahani, Maryam}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In the formation of natural plant communities, natural conditions as well as economic activities have the biggest influence on agroecosystems. In order to compare different weed management methods in weed seed bank of sugar beet, two experiments were conducted in field station of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of mashhad, Iran for two years in 2007 and 2008. Each experiment designed as a Complete Randomised Block with three replications. The treatments include: Metamitron + Fenmedifam, Metamitron + Fenmedifam + rotation, Metamitron + Cultivation, Metamitron + Cultivation + rotation, Disk + fenmedifam, Disk + fenmedifam + rotation, Disk + cultivation, Disk + cultivation + rotation, Covercrop + Fenmedifam, Covercrop + Cultivation, weeding , weeding + Fenmedifam and Check.  Samplings were taken (on base clustering method) in two depth 0--\mbox{10\,cm} and 10--\mbox{20\,cm}, at two stages, early season and late season. Results showed that at the first experiment highest and lowest seed bank sizes were obtained in check (383.3 seed per kg of soil) and weeding + Fenmedifam (52.5 seed per kg soil).  At the second experiment maximum and minimum seed bank size were showed in check and weeding treatment with 1080 and 319 seed per kg soil, respectively. In two experiments, seed bank size in 0--\mbox{10\,cm} depth was more than 10--\mbox{20\,cm} depth. In first and second experiment, seed bank size at sampling second stage compare sampling first stage   was 2.2 and 1.7 times, respectively. In two experiment significant coefficient were showed in seed bank size at early season and late season (R$^{2}$=0.76 and R$^{2}$=0.65).   }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Integrated weed management, seed bank size. Suger beet
\index[key]{Integrated!weed management}
\index[key]{Seed!bank size. Suger beet}
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