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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Evaluation of Nutrient Resource and Crop Diversity Interaction on Water, Nutrient and Radiation Use Efficiencies in Different Mixed Cropping Systems},pdfauthor={Golsoomeh Azizi, Asieh Siah-Marguee, Ali Azizi, Maryam Jahani},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={ species diversity, intercropping, nutrient, radiation, water use efficiency},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Evaluation of Nutrient Resource and Crop Diversity Interaction on Water, Nutrient and Radiation Use Efficiencies in Different Mixed Cropping Systems\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Golsoomeh Azizi, Payam Noor University, Agronomy, Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{azizi40760@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Golsoomeh Azizi$^{1}$, Asieh Siah-Marguee$^{2}$, Ali Azizi$^{3}$, Maryam Jahani$^{4}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Payam Noor University, Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Islamic Azad University of Gorgan, Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Islamic Azad University, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Azizi, Golsoomeh}
\index[author]{Siah-Marguee, Asieh}
\index[author]{Azizi, Ali}
\index[author]{Jahani, Maryam}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In order to investigate the effects of crop diversity and nutrient resource on water, nutrient and radiation use efficiencies, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on complete randomised block design with 3 replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during 2006 and 2007. Treatments included manure and chemical fertilisers as main plots and intercropping of 3 soybean varieties (Wiliams, Sahar and Gorgan3), intercropping of 3 Millet species (common millet, foxtail millet and pearl millet), intercropping of millet, soybean, sesame (\textit{Sesamum indicum}) and intercropping of millet, sesame, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum"=graecum), ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) as sub plots. Result indicated that radiation use efficiency (RUE) was affected significantly by cropping systems. In monocultures, common millet and soybean (Wiliams and Gorgan 3 varieties) had highest RUE. In intercropping systems, when functional diversity increased, radiation use efficiency was increased, so that maximum of RUE (3.31 g.MJ$^{-1}$) was obtained in 4 species intercropping (common millet, sesame, fenugreek and ajowan). Minimum of RUE (1.96 g.MJ$^{-1}$) was observed in intercropping of 3 millet species. In first year, among different intercropping systems, intercropping of 3 Millet species and intercropping of millet, soybean, sesame had highest water use efficiency (WUE) based on biological yield. In second year, among different intercropping systems, intercropping of 3 millet species had highest WUE based on biological yield. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in crop issues were observed in intercropping of 3 soybean varieties and intercropping of millet, soybean, sesame. In first year, among different intercropping systems, intercropping of 3 soybean varieties had highest nutrient use efficiency (NUE). In second year, intercropping of 3 soybean varieties, intercropping of millet, soybean, sesame and intercropping of millet, sesame, fenugreek, ajowan had highest NUE. Intercropping of millet, soybean, sesame was the best for potassium uptake efficiency, compare to other intercropping systems. 















}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:}  species diversity, intercropping, nutrient, radiation, water use efficiency
\index[key]{ species diversity}
\index[key]{Intercropping}
\index[key]{Nutrient}
\index[key]{Radiation}
\index[key]{Water!use efficiency}
\end{document}