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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Glucosinolates in Different Species and Origins of Moringa},pdfauthor={Nadja Förster, Inga Mewis, Christian Ulrichs},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Glucosinolates, Moringa, original variability, species variability},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Glucosinolates in Different Species and Origins of Moringa\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Nadja Förster, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Lentzeallee 75, 14195~Berlin, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{NADfoerster@aol.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Nadja Förster$^{1}$, Inga Mewis$^{2}$, Christian Ulrichs$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt E.v., Quality, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Förster, Nadja}
\index[author]{Mewis, Inga}
\index[author]{Ulrichs, Christian}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The sub-Himalayas areas of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan are the original provenance of the perennial soft wood tree, \textit{Moringa }sp. Especially the leaves and seeds of \textit{Moringa oleifera} were used as a traditional medical remedy in Asia and Africa to treat inflammations, infections, tumours, cardiovascular and gastro"=intestinal diseases. M. oleifera has been used for a long time in the form of extracts, decoction, crèmes, oiling, unguents, powders, and pulps for medication or prevention of diseases or infections, the mechanism of action of the ingredients is quite unexplained. The knowledge of the healing effects of \textit{Moringa }is based on oral heritage and tribal rites. Therefore, detailed scientific analyses of active compounds of the tree are necessary to evaluate the true medical effectiveness. The plant family Moringaceae is very rich in vitamins, micronutrients, and secondary metabolites. Drumstick leaves (M. oleifera) in particular provide a very rich and inexpensive source of digestible proteins, calcium, iron, vitamin A, B, C as well as E, minerals, and carotinoides. Especially in developing countries this tree is used to satisfy the ``hidden hunger'', especially in babies and breast feeding mothers. Furthermore, \textit{Moringa }contains phenolic ingredients like flavonoids, anthocyanines, proanthocyanidines, cinnamates, alkaloids, phytates, and a plurality of unsaturated fatty acids (seeds). Of particular interest is that members of the genus \textit{Moringa }contain glucosinolates in seeds, bark, roots and leaves. Major and several minor glucosinolates of four \textit{Moringa }species (\textit{Moringa oleifera} Lam., \textit{Moringa }drouhardii Jum., \textit{Moringa }peregrina Fiori, \textit{Moringa }stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod.) were investigated and qualitative and quantitative differences were found. Next to the known glucosinolates 4-($\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate, 4`o"=acetyl-4-($\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate, and p"=hydroxy-benzyl glucosinolate an unknown 1-methylethyl, 2-methylpropyl and benzyl glucosinolates were found. An identification is going to be done soon. Furthermore seeded M. oleifera plants with an origin in different regions (Thailand, USA, India, Taiwan, Philippines) show differences in their glucosinolate profile, too. Interspecific and intraspecific variability was found. Clear differences in glucosinolate profile in the different plant parts (leave, bark, root, and seed) were investigated.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Glucosinolates, Moringa, original variability, species variability
\index[key]{Glucosinolates}
\index[key]{Moringa}
\index[key]{Original variability}
\index[key]{Species variability}
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