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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Ecology and Nutritive Value of Browse Species in Northern Afar, Ethiopia},pdfauthor={Emiru Birhane Hizikias, Mulubirhan Balehegn, Diress Tsegaye},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Acacia species, browse preference, diet selection, nutritive value},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Ecology and Nutritive Value of Browse Species in Northern Afar, Ethiopia\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Emiru Birhane Hizikias, Mekelle University, Land Resources Management and Enviromental Protection, Guna, 390~Mekelle, Ethiopia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{emibir@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Emiru Birhane Hizikias$^{1}$, Mulubirhan Balehegn$^{2}$, Diress Tsegaye$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Mekelle University, Land Resources Management and Enviromental Protection, Ethiopia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Mekelle University, Animal, Range and Wildlife Sciences, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Mekelle University, Animal, Range and Wildlife Sciences, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Hizikias, Emiru Birhane}
\index[author]{Balehegn, Mulubirhan}
\index[author]{Tsegaye, Diress}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Browse species serve as the main feed sources for pastoralist's livestock during the dry season when herbaceous feed sources are limited. The study was conducted to enumerate the indigenous knowledge on browse ecology and use, variation in distribution of browse species across an elevation gradient, and to investigate the browse preference of animals. Local pastoralists are knowledgeable about the ecology and use, and the change in vegetation structure of browse species. The browse species ranking indicated \textit{Acacia nubica} was ranked first (3.77) followed by A. etbaica (3.88), Balanites aegyptiaca (4.55) and then \textit{A.~mellifera} (4.88). Except for \textit{A.~mellifera}, the percentage cover of other browse species did not vary significantly ($p > 0.05$) across the altitude gradient. Similarly, except for \textit{A.~mellifera} and A. etbaica, density of other browse species did not show significant variation ($p > 0.05$) across the three altitudinal gradients. The dominant species in the area were \textit{A.~nubica}, \textit{A.~mellifera} and A. tortolis. The three most preferred browse species according to the browsing time spent on each of the species were A.nubica, B.aegyptiaca, \textit{A.~mellifera}, for camel; \textit{A.~mellifera}, \textit{A.~nubica} and A. etbica for goat and; A. etbaica, G. ferruginea and \textit{G.~tenax} for sheep. Analysis of nutritive value of two of the most dominant species \textit{A.~mellifera} and \textit{A.~nubica} revealed that these species have nutritive values by far higher than the minimum requirement of ruminant animals and can be used as a supplement to poor quality feed during the dry season. The  ability to adapt to drought condition coupled with a good nutritive value suggests these species could be incorporated as an additional tool to the sustainable management of  rangelands.







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Acacia species, browse preference, diet selection, nutritive value
\index[key]{Acacia species}
\index[key]{Browse preference}
\index[key]{Diet selection}
\index[key]{Nutritive value}
\end{document}