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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Host Finding Ability of Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Bagged Maize: A Potential Biocontrol Agent of the Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)   },pdfauthor={Charles Adarkwah, Carmen Büttner, Matthias Schöller, Christoph Reichmuth},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biological control, jute bag, Lariophagus distinguendus, Sitophilus zeamais},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Host Finding Ability of Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Bagged Maize: A Potential Biocontrol Agent of the Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)   \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Charles Adarkwah, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department for Horticultural Sciences, Lentzeallee 55, 14195~Berlin, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lesadark@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Charles Adarkwah$^{1}$, Carmen Büttner$^{1}$, Matthias Schöller$^{2}$, Christoph Reichmuth$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department for Horticultural Sciences, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants – Julius Kühn - Institut, Institute for Ecological Chemistry,, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection,, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Adarkwah, Charles}
\index[author]{Büttner, Carmen}
\index[author]{Schöller, Matthias}
\index[author]{Reichmuth, Christoph}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{




The maize weevil, \textit{Sitophilus zeamais} is a major pest of durable stored cereals pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is causing considerable economic losses of the crop. The parasitic wasp, \textit{Lariophagus distinguendus} is a synovigenic, solitary larval and pupal ectoparasitoid of several beetle species that infest stored goods. The parasitoid egg is laid into the infested grain beside the beetle larva. The host location ability seems to be highly developed and the female parasitoid is able to discriminate between healthy and infested grains. The potential of using\textit{ L. distinguendus} for the biological control of \textit{S. zeamais} was assessed in maize stored in jute bags and bulk grain by investigating its host finding and its ability to penetrate the grain mass to parasitize its host. \textit{L. distinguendus} penetrated and parasitized \textit{S. zeamais }located in the jute bags, and the storage cylinders at various depths. Over \mbox{50\,\%} adult \textit{L. distinguendus} released into the chamber entered the jute bags to parasitize \textit{S. zeamais}. Thus, \textit{L. distinguendus }was able to find its host within the jute bags and storage cylinders containing \textit{S. zeamais }infested maize kernels and produced F1 offsprings. The parasitic wasps also significantly reduced the emergence of \textit{S. zeamais} in stored jute bag and in bulk maize. \textit{L. distinguendus} searched and located its host in the jute bags and storage cylinders containing infested maize kernels placed in the wire mesh cages and produced F1 progeny. This suggests possible practical utilisation of \textit{L. distinguendus} for the control of \textit{S. zeamais} in bagged stored maize.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biological control, jute bag, Lariophagus distinguendus, Sitophilus zeamais
\index[key]{Biological control}
\index[key]{Jute bag}
\index[key]{Lariophagus distinguendus}
\index[key]{Sitophilus zeamais@\textit{Lariophagus distinguendus}
\index[key]{Sitophilus zeamais}}
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