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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Improving Barley Production for Maintaining Healthy Immune System and Increasing Biofuel Productivity},pdfauthor={Mostafa Ahmed},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Barley, biofuel, immunity},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Improving Barley Production for Maintaining Healthy Immune System and Increasing Biofuel Productivity\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mostafa Ahmed, National Research Centre, Field Crops, Egypt Cairo  Dokki El-Bohoth  St. -  Post Code : 12311, 12311~Cairo, Egypt, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mostafakamel31@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mostafa Ahmed}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{National Research Centre, Field Crops, Egypt}}}
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\index[author]{Ahmed, Mostafa}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
  Barley (Hordium vulgare L.) is the fourth largest cereal grain crop produced worldwide (after wheat, rice and corn) and is the most underutilised cereal grain in terms of human consumption: as \mbox{90\,\%} of barley grown is used in beverage production and as livestock feed. As consumers become more concerned about eating food with health benefits, barley, which is a naturally healthy, easily available, and inexpensive crop, is strongly favoured for increased incorporation into the human diet.



Barley has many different species and varietes . The most common is \textit{Hordeum vulgare}, which is a six"=rowed type of barley that has a spike notched on opposite sides with three spikelet's on each notch. At each notch there is a flower or floret that later develops into a kernel.  



Barley is very adaptable to various environments. In fact, it is the most adaptable of the cereals. Barley is an annual crop that has two growing seasons, winter and spring. . Barley also has a very good resistance to dry heat compared to other small grains. This feature allows it to grow near desert areas such as North Africa.         It can grow efficiently in dry lands using poor quality water. Consequently, this crop represents a very economic promising candidate raw"=material as a starch"=rich crop for fermentative production of ethanol fuel , furthermore the low crystallite degree of barely straw as well as the formation of intermediate soluble oligosaccharide, which play major roles in enzymatic hydrolysis of the pre"=treated straw.



Barley contains some substances  with beneficial effects on  immunity in human body. Barley grass has the effect of maintaining a healthy immune system and stimulating  when the body is invaded by different pathogens (viruses or bacteria). Daily use of barley grass can provide those nutrients important to keep the immune system function at its peak level. Barley grass contains a broad array of vitamins, minerals, protein, enzymes, and chlorophyll.  In fact young barley grass  has been defined as "the richest source of nutrition on earth" and "the perfect nutritional food.



































 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Barley, biofuel, immunity
\index[key]{Barley}
\index[key]{Biofuel}
\index[key]{Immunity}
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