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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Performance and Early Lay Characteristics of Growing Pullets Fed Rumen Filterate Fermented Corn Cobs},pdfauthor={J. Adeniyi Agunbiade, Olajide A. Adeyemi, Abdulsemiu O. Oyefeso},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Corn cobs, egg production, fermentation, nutrient retention, pullets , rumen filtrate},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Performance and Early Lay Characteristics of Growing Pullets Fed Rumen Filterate Fermented Corn Cobs\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} J. Adeniyi Agunbiade, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Department of Animal Production, P.M.B. 0012, Ayetoro, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{adeniyi00184@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{J. Adeniyi Agunbiade$^{1}$, Olajide A. Adeyemi$^{2}$, Abdulsemiu O. Oyefeso$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Olabisi Onabanjo University, Department of Animal Production, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Agriculture, Animal Production and Health, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Agunbiade, J. Adeniyi}
\index[author]{Adeyemi, Olajide A.}
\index[author]{Oyefeso, Abdulsemiu O.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Inclusion of rumen filtrate fermented corn"=cobs (RFFCC) at the expense of maize in growing pullets diet was evaluated in this study. Corn"=cobs was fermented for twenty days using fresh bovine rumen filtrate as the inoculum. The dried fermented product was substituted for maize practical diets on a weight for weight basis at 0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 g kg$^{-1}$. The resulting five diets were fed in mash and pellets forms. One hundred and twenty (8 weeks old) pullets of a commercial strain were selected from a larger flock and distributed into 10 groups of 12 birds each after balancing for liveweight. The 10 groups were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments (mash and pellet forms) for a feeding duration of 112 days using a 2\,$\times$\,5 factorial design. Increasing the level of RFFCC (from 0 to 500 g kg$^{-1}$) significantly ($p < 0.05$) reduced feed intake (80.1 to \unitfrac[76.7]{g}{day}), body weight at first egg (1.43 to \mbox{1.32\,kg}) and at \mbox{10\,\%} production (1.44 to \mbox{1.33\,kg}) while age at first egg (137 to 144 days) and at \mbox{10\,\%} (143 to 151 days) was significantly ($p < 0.05$) prolonged. Increasing concentration of RFFCC resulted in a linear reduction ($p < 0.05$) in crude protein (69.1 to \mbox{52\,\%})  and crude fibre (49.2 to \mbox{38.2\,\%})  retention. Level of RFFCC had no effect on egg shape index, yolk index, shell thickness and shell weight ($p > 0.05$) but significantly ($p < 0.05$) deepened the yolk colour. Pelleting of diet resulted in a significant increase in the body weight at 1\textsuperscript{st} egg and hen body weight at \mbox{10\,\%} production. Weight of 1\textsuperscript{st} egg on pelleted diet and weight of egg at \mbox{10\,\%} production were 23.5 and \mbox{11.9\,\%} heavier than eggs produced from mash feed ($p < 0.05$). Pelleting, however, significantly ($p < 0.05$) improved nutrient retention (67.4 vs 53.9; 66.0 vs 59.4 and 50.1 vs \mbox{37.9\,\%} respectively for crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre retention. The performance data in this study spotlight the great potentials of  RFFCC as an inexpensive alternative to maize in diets for replacement pullets.
}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Corn cobs, egg production, fermentation, nutrient retention, pullets , rumen filtrate
\index[key]{Corn cobs}
\index[key]{Egg production}
\index[key]{Fermentation}
\index[key]{Nutrient!retention}
\index[key]{Pullets }
\index[key]{Rumen filtrate}
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