\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Rural Development through Markets: The Case of Tomato Politics and Farmers in Ghana},pdfauthor={Martha Awo, Wolfram Laube},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agricultural policies, Ghana , markets, power, tomato farmers, tomato market queens},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Rural Development through Markets: The Case of Tomato Politics and Farmers in Ghana\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Martha Awo, University of Bonn, Centre for Development Research (ZEF), Dept. of Political and Cultural Change, 53117~Bonn, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{marthawo@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Martha Awo, Wolfram Laube}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Bonn, Centre for Development Research (ZEF), Dept. of Political and Cultural Change, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Awo, Martha}
\index[author]{Laube, Wolfram}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The paper looks at the influence of external policies on Ghana's' agriculture. Of interest is the tomato sub"=sector in the Upper East Region (UER). In the golden age of Millennium Development, Ghana's goal at achieving a middle income status emphasises rural development through agricultural modernisation. This is important considering the background that agriculture is the main employment for the rural population. Ghana's efforts at rural development dates back in the 1960's with the establishment of irrigation schemes that were meant to boost food production. This came as a laudable solution in the UER because of its longer dry periods and unimodal cropping season as against bimodal in the southern regions. Among the foodstuffs earmarked based on geographical and climatic factors were vegetables of which tomatoes dominate. However, economic reforms in the 1980s influenced by the need for global and regional integration constrain tomato farmers by limiting access to domestic markets. This has come at a time the agricultural sector aims to contribute to poverty alleviation by enhancing marketing opportunities for income generation through the linkage of high productive rural areas to markets. This paper will show how structural changes in agriculture coupled with internal politics have made tomato farming a risky venture. The removal of agricultural support systems such as subsidies and the implementation of trade liberalisation policies have created an opportunity for local traders. The traders play protective role by controlling market access and strengthen their position through establishment of an associations led by market queens. In a further development, the only processing plant which used to be a market outlet for farmers has recently been revamped after its closure for almost 20 years. This attempt at revamp has attracted concerns as conflicts of interests' between government and an investor questions the position of poor farmers. These dynamics leaves powerless farmers no option but exposure to a market structure not only controlled by internal politics but informal power structures wield by market queens and associates.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agricultural policies, Ghana , markets, power, tomato farmers, tomato market queens
\index[key]{Agricultural!policies}
\index[key]{Ghana }
\index[key]{Markets}
\index[key]{Power}
\index[key]{Tomato!farmers}
\index[key]{Tomato!market queens}
\end{document}