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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Crop Biodiversity in Plant Families},pdfauthor={Korous Khoshbakht, Karl Hammer, Houman Liaghati},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agricultural, Biodiversity, Higher plants, Species richness  },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Crop Biodiversity in Plant Families\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Korous Khoshbakht, Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Evin street, 1983963113~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kkhoshbakht@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Korous Khoshbakht$^{1}$, Karl Hammer$^{2}$, Houman Liaghati$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Kassel, Agro-Biodiversity, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Khoshbakht, Korous}
\index[author]{Hammer, Karl}
\index[author]{Liaghati, Houman}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
 Species richness in relation to crop plants is analysed within the families of higher plants.  The basic sources of this research were Mansfeld's Encyclpedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, 2001 and Heywood's Flowering Plants of the World, 2007. From these important sources the relative numbers of crop plants has been calculated. Three groups have been made. \textbf{(1)}~more than 10.000 species (5 families), \textbf{(2)}~1.000 to 10.000 species (50 families), \textbf{(3)}~less than 1.000 species (20 families). Thus 224.000 species from the estimated 250.000 species of higher plants have been included into this study. The percentage of important crop plants in the largest family, the Asteracea is not high (\mbox{1.14\,\%}). The second rich family, the Leguminosae, has a clearly higher percentage of crop plants (\mbox{3.38\,\%}) in comparison to \textit{Asteraceae}. Still higher is the percentage of crop plants within the Poaceae with \mbox{7.25\,\%}. They are the smallest family within the extreme richness group of higher plants. Rubiaceae contain only a few additional crops resulting in only \mbox{0.56\,\%} of crop species. The Orchidaceae, that is so rich in ornamental plants have only \mbox{0.16\,\%} of crop plants. The percentages of cultivated plants in the second group range from Rosaceae with \mbox{7.47\,\%}, Polygonaceae with \mbox{7.27\,\%}, Chenopodiaceae with \mbox{7.08\,\%} to Begoniaceae with \mbox{0.07\,\%} and Eriocaulaceae with \mbox{0.0\,\%}. The percentage of cultivated plants in the third group is especially high for Musaceae (\mbox{32.5\,\%}) and varied to lowest in Liliaceae (\mbox{2.30\,\%}).The results have shown that there is a positive correlation (r = + 0.56) between the species richness and the number of crop plants in the plant families. The most important crop plants come from the families with the greatest species richness. Altogether there is a large amount of crop plants and their number can be easily increased by taking new crops into cultivation. But specialisation and globalisation lead to reduced numbers of crop species. The present trend to use less than 100 crop plant species or to concentrate on only seven columns of world nutrition, in spite of available larger resources, is dangerous for mankind. }

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agricultural, Biodiversity, Higher plants, Species richness  
\index[key]{Agricultural}
\index[key]{Biodiversity}
\index[key]{Higher plants}
\index[key]{Species richness  }
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