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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Examining the Role of Urban Food Spaces: A Neighbourhood Level Exploration of Food Geographies in Accra, Ghana},pdfauthor={Anna Carla Lopez-Carr, John R. Weeks, Hallie Eakin},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Africa, food security, neighbourhood, urban},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Examining the Role of Urban Food Spaces: A Neighbourhood Level Exploration of Food Geographies in Accra, Ghana\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Anna Carla Lopez-Carr, San Diego State University, Geography, 966 West Campus Lane, 93117~Goleta, United States of America, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lopez.ac@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Anna Carla Lopez-Carr$^{1}$, John R. Weeks$^{1}$, Hallie Eakin$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$San Diego State University, Geography, United States of America}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Arizona State University, School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, United States of America}}}
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\index[author]{Lopez-Carr, Anna Carla}
\index[author]{Weeks, John R.}
\index[author]{Eakin, Hallie}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Food is a sine qua non of human life. Yet, tragically, for an increasing proportion of the world's population, it has become unaffordable. Rapid rates of urban population growth over the past twenty years have yielded higher numbers of undernourished urban households. In sub-Saharan Africa alone, \mbox{40\,\%} of the population lives in cities, with \mbox{72\,\%} of those living in impoverished slums or slum"=like conditions. As cities continue to grow rapidly and become home to higher concentrations of people, the need for disaggregated figures which can improve our knowledge of population, food security and environment issues have become a priority. This paper examines the neighbourhood"=level variability in food access in Accra, Ghana. The analysis is based on data collected from in"=depth household interviews conducted with a subset of respondents from the Women's Health Survey in Accra (WHSA). Qualitative data were used to extract neighbourhood differences. While it is generally true that the socio"=economic status of households is positively correlated to food security, the relationship weakens when introducing neighbourhood variables. Results from this study show that ``food spaces'' (i.e. outdoor food markets, supermarkets, street food vending) differ among neighbourhoods and that household food security is influenced by the quality of these spaces.  Previous studies have cautioned that neighbourhood targeting of food policies based on child anthropometric measures can result in errors of omission or inclusion when implementing food security programs. However, no previous study has examined the role of the neighbourhood itself, as an active player, in determining the parameters of food policy. This paper argues that the way in which households are exposed to food spaces in their neighbourhoods is crucial to understanding their food security status. As cities in developing countries continue to grow at a rapid pace, we suggest that urban planners and food policy makers collaborate to facilitate household access to fresh, nutritious, and affordable food within their respective neighbourhoods. 







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Africa, food security, neighbourhood, urban
\index[key]{Africa}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Neighborhood}
\index[key]{Urban}
\end{document}