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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Participatory Analysis of the Sustainability of Rural Livelihoods in Absard, Iran },pdfauthor={Hadi Veisi, Houman Liaghati, Sabahi Hossian, Sahar Bagheri Toulabi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Absard, household, strategy, sustainable rural livelihoods},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Participatory Analysis of the Sustainability of Rural Livelihoods in Absard, Iran \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Hadi Veisi, Shahid Beheshti University, G.c, Environnemental Sciences Research Institue, Evin, 19839,~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{haveisi@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Hadi Veisi$^{1}$, Houman Liaghati$^{2}$, Sabahi Hossian$^{2}$, Sahar Bagheri Toulabi$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Shahid Beheshti University, G.c, Environnemental Sciences Research Institue, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Shahid Beheshti, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Tarbiat Modress University, Agronomy, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Veisi, Hadi}
\index[author]{Liaghati, Houman}
\index[author]{Hossian, Sabahi}
\index[author]{Bagheri Toulabi, Sahar}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The sustainable rural livelihoods (SRL) framework addresses links between poverty, natural resources management and rural livelihoods. In this way, this paper reports some of the results of a study to explore vulnerability contexts i.e. trends, shocks and local cultural practices that affect livelihoods assets i.e. natural capital (land, water, biodiversity), physical capital (infrastructure, machinery), human capital (labour, skills), financial capital (savings, disposable assets), and social capital (rights, support systems) in Absard, Iran. It also describe structures including organisations (government, private) and processes including policies, laws and incentives that determine livelihood strategies of households (agricultural intensification or expansion , livelihood diversification, and migration) which in turn impact the assets. Participatory rural appraisal techniques were used within a sustainable rural livelihoods framework to assess the differences of the livelihoods of poor, average, and better"=off households. Findings revealed that land use change, climate change, instability of market and higher mechanisation were the main contexts of vulnerability that led to remarked differences between households, particularly in human resources, landholdings, equipments, linkages, credits and markets, affecting the livelihood strategies pursued. Results showed that in order to overcome these problems, poor household have tracked agricultural intensification, and while average households have followed the livelihood diversification, and finally, better"=off households have practised agricultural biodiversity and intensification as livelihood strategies. Government also has provided some services such as extension programs, macro and micro fertilisers, subsides for equipments, and energy to revenge limitations regarding assets ad capitals. Results showed that rural cooperative as a community based organisation has contributed to find new markets and also to enhance farmers' participation in decision making process.       







  



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Absard, household, strategy, sustainable rural livelihoods
\index[key]{Absard}
\index[key]{Household}
\index[key]{Strategy}
\index[key]{Sustainable!rural livelihoods}
\end{document}