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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Postharvest Management of Bean Weevil in Storage Condition by Natural Products},pdfauthor={Ari Nafril},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Bean weevil, ecofriendly control, food commodities, natural product, postharvest management},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Postharvest Management of Bean Weevil in Storage Condition by Natural Products\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ari Nafril, Sriwijaya University, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Palembang, Indonesia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{arinafril@web.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ari Nafril}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Sriwijaya University, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Indonesia}}}
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\index[author]{Nafril, Ari}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Due to high levels of investment in crop production, post"=harvest losses, in the form of quantity or quality, should be kept at a minimum. Use of synthetic pesticides to control these plagues makes a great contribution in the management of such losses but has also raised a number of ecological and medical problems, due to residual toxicity, e.g. allergenocity, carcinogenocity and teratogenocity. Plant materials with insecticidal properties or natural insecticides have more specific effects and could be usefully integrated with other control measures to design comprehensive appropriatic and effective management protocols with less collateral harm. Natural insecticides are particulary relevant for small"=scale subsistence farmers during post"=harvest storage of their commodities. A laboratory study to screen insecticidal properties of plants which are traditionally used in Indonesia to control an insect pest of post"=harvest product, \textit{Callosobruchus maculatus} L., has been carried out. Concentrations used were 0.5, 1, 2.5, and \mbox{5\,\%} (w/w). Seven plant species used were cardemon (\textit{Amomum cardamomum}), basilicum (\textit{Ocimum basilicum}), cumin (\textit{Cuminum cyminum}), fennel (\textit{Foeniculum vulgare}), coriander (\textit{Coriandrum sativum}), nutmeg (\textit{Myristica fragrans}), and phaleria (\textit{Phaleria macrocarpa}). 



The insecticidal effect was observed over the exposure period up to \mbox{100\,\%} mortality of adults. The efficacy of the plant materials was compared to the control with no treatment. Concentration of plant extracts are recalculated on \mbox{0.55\,kg} bean, rice and corn sample. In general, all plant extracts exhibited strong insecticidal effect on beetle. The highest mortality is proved by basilicum, i.e. \mbox{100\,\%} mortality of adults after 24h under storage conditions, and followed by fennel (\mbox{84.2\,\%}), coriander (\mbox{79.4\,\%}), nutmeg (\mbox{75.6\,\%}). Other plant extracts showed intermediate and lowest mortality (less than \mbox{50\,\%}). In the control samples mortality of adults was not recorded. Highest adult emergence is reached at phaleria treatment for \textit{Callosobruchus maculatus},\textit{ i.e.} 262.2 for \mbox{0.5\,\%} concentration, followed by cumin (214.6), cardemon (198.2). Other plant extracts showed intermediate and lowest effect emergence. In the control sample emergence, all insects emerged.



These observations suggest the possible exploration to use plant material extracts as potential natural insecticides in ecofriendly control of postharvest biodeterioration of food commodities.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Bean weevil, ecofriendly control, food commodities, natural product, postharvest management
\index[key]{Bean weevil}
\index[key]{Ecofriendly control}
\index[key]{Food!commodities}
\index[key]{Natural!product}
\index[key]{Postharvest management}
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