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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Are Extraneous Incentives and Drivers Sufficient for Crop Trade"=off? Evidence from Passion Fruit Uptake in Kenyan Highlands},pdfauthor={Noah Kibet, Job Lagat, Gideon Obare},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Adoption, crop trade-off, drivers, incentives, poverty, traditional crops},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Are Extraneous Incentives and Drivers Sufficient for Crop Trade"=off? Evidence from Passion Fruit Uptake in Kenyan Highlands\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Job Lagat, Egerton University, Agricultural Economics and Business Management, P.O Box 536, +254~Egerton, Kenya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{jlagats@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Noah Kibet, Job Lagat, Gideon Obare}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Egerton University, Agricultural Economics and Business Management, Kenya}}}
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\index[author]{Kibet, Noah}
\index[author]{Lagat, Job}
\index[author]{Obare, Gideon}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Despite the continued production and overdependence of traditional crops (mainly maize and wheat) as main sources of income in Kenyan highlands, poverty among farmers has been increasing due to low incomes from market surplus. Most of these farmers are poor and depend wholly on farming as source of livelihood; they own small holdings of land which limits their potential to improve farm incomes. The traditional crops are low yielding with low market value as compared to other crops thus constraining their efforts to improve farm incomes. To mitigate the poverty effects, farmers have tended to substitute land under the traditional crops for production of high yield and market value crops; Passion fruit is one of the crops that has recently been introduced. However, the uptake of passion fruit has been achieved with partial success. This study examines factors affecting passion fruit adoption and the extent of adoption. It further investigates the comparative advantage of passion fruit production given other farm enterprises and the scarcity of resources in order to justify farmers' crop diversification and substitution decisions. Cross"=sectional data from 100 farmers was gathered and Heckman two"=step model was used to determine the factors affecting the adoption as well as the extent. Gross Margin analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis models were used to assess the comparative advantage of producing passion fruit. Both SPSS and STATA statistical packages were used in the analysis. The results show that experience and availability of water for irrigation were significant and positively affected the decision to adopt passion while only farmers' age was significant and negatively affected the decision to adopt passion fruit. On the extent of passion fruit adoption, Private land ownership, access to extension services and gender were significant and had positive effect while farmers with off"=farm activities and age were significant with negative effect. This study also reveals that passion fruit was more profitable than other farm enterprises. The paper thus concludes that the extraneous incentives and drivers necessary for crop diversification and substitution in Kenya are not sufficient. Finally farmer's decision to adopt passion fruit and crop trade"=off was a rational decision.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Adoption, crop trade"=off, drivers, incentives, poverty, traditional crops
\index[key]{Adoption}
\index[key]{Crop!trade"=off}
\index[key]{Drivers}
\index[key]{Incentives}
\index[key]{Poverty}
\index[key]{Traditional crops}
\end{document}