\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Quality Impact Analysis of Nigerian Osun River},pdfauthor={Opeyemi Anthony Amusan},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Environmental regulations, Multiple Water-use, Nigeria, Physico–chemical analysis, Water quality},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Quality Impact Analysis of Nigerian Osun River\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Opeyemi Anthony Amusan, University of Bonn, Agricultural Science \& Resource Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ARTS), Nussallee 1, 53115~Bonn, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{amusanopeyemi@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Opeyemi Anthony Amusan}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Bonn, Agricultural Science \& Resource Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ARTS), Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Amusan, Opeyemi Anthony}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Good water quality is needed to maintain ecological balance and for economic developmental activities. This study was carried out to determine the water quality of river Osun that runs through the Southwest (SW) Nigeria and to evaluate its impact on agriculture and the environment. Water samples were collected along the river at three States in SW-Nigeria: Osun, Oyo and Ogun. The parameters monitored include physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. Water samples were put in sterilized bottles and taken to laboratory for analysis using appropriate methods. Results obtained were compared to norms given by the European Council (EC) and World Health Organisation (WHO). The Coliform counts in all the locations were high when compared with allowable limits. Mean Counts were 4000\^+, 10000\^+, 2000\^+ at Osun, Oyo and Ogun --- States respectively.



The range of values of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Total Coliform Count (TCC) obtained were 1240 --- \unitfrac[2170]{mg}{l}, 40 --- \unitfrac[80]{mg}{l}, 200 --- \unitfrac[273]{mg}{l} and 1000 --- \unitfrac[2000]{cfum}{l} respectively. However, the values of Acidity and Alkalinity obtained were within acceptable range. When compared with the norms, these result show that the river is highly polluted. This is due to the fact that domestic (and possibly industrial) wastes in liquid and solid forms are disposed directly to the river at various locations without treatment due to poor implementation of environmental regulations.



The consequence of this is that the water from this river is unfit for multiple - water use such as water supply, aquaculture and recreational activities and in some cases agricultural practices. The water can however be used for irrigation under adequate management and salinity control. The government should make known the results of these findings to the public and implement its regulations on waste disposal.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Environmental regulations, Multiple Water"=use, Nigeria, Physico---chemical analysis, Water quality
\index[key]{Environmental!regulations}
\index[key]{Multiple Water"=use}
\index[key]{Nigeria}
\index[key]{Physico---chemical analysis}
\index[key]{Water!quality}
\end{document}