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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Metabolic Diversity and Molecular Characterisation of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen \textit{Xanthomonas oryzae} pv. \textit{oryzae} from West Africa},pdfauthor={Mohammed Bimerew Adem, Yacouba Sere, Kerstin Wydra},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Metabolic fingerprinting, MLSA, pathogenicity, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Metabolic Diversity and Molecular Characterisation of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen \textit{Xanthomonas oryzae} pv. \textit{oryzae} from West Africa\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kerstin Wydra, Centre for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Forestry (CeTSAF) - Tropenzentrum, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Buesgenweg 1, Göttingen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kwydra@uni-goettingen.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mohammed Bimerew Adem$^{1}$, Yacouba Sere$^{2}$, Kerstin Wydra$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Plant Disease and Plant Protection, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$ Africa Rice Center, Benin}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Centre for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Forestry (CeTSAF) - Tropenzentrum, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Adem, Mohammed Bimerew}
\index[author]{Sere, Yacouba}
\index[author]{Wydra, Kerstin}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Among cereals produced worldwide, rice is the third in importance. But, its production is often largely reduced by diseases of fungal, bacterial and viral origin. Bacterial leaf blight of rice (BLB), caused by \textit{Xanthomonas oryzae} pv. \textit{oryzae}, is one of the most important diseases of rice causing a substantial yield loss of up to \mbox{50\,\%} in severe epidemics. Host plant resistance is the most sound and applicable approach to control BLB, and to date more than 30 genes exhibiting resistance towards various strains of \textit{X. oryzae} pv. \textit{oryzae} have been identified. Owing to the high variability in population structure of \textit{X. oryzae} pv. \textit{oryzae}, genetic strategies to improve host plant resistance towards BLB also support understanding the genetic diversity of the pathogen (genotype\,$\times$\,strain interactions). Metabolic fingerprinting using the BIOLOG GN microplate assay, virulence analyses and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) were carried out to characterise \textit{X. oryzae} pv. \textit{oryzae} strains collected from West Africa. The BIOLOG database was not suitable to identify strains from West Africa. Though, variations were observed among strains in utilisation of 95 carbon sources, where eleven substrates were used by all the strains, 17 only by some and 67 not by any strain, allowing a grouping of strains in five clusteral phylogroups. Virulence assays carried out on rice near isogenic lines carrying defined resistant genes demonstrated a significant difference in genotype by strain interaction. In the MLSA carried out using housekeeping genes, African strains of \textit{X. oryzae }pv. \textit{oryzae} formed a distinct clusteral group different from Asian strains, demonstrating that African strains of \textit{X. oryzae }pv. \textit{oryzae} are genetically distant from Asian ones.  











}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Metabolic fingerprinting, MLSA, pathogenicity, \textit{Xanthomonas oryzae} pv. \textit{oryzae}
\index[key]{Metabolic fingerprinting}
\index[key]{MLSA}
\index[key]{Pathogenicity}
\index[key]{Xanthomonas oryzae@\textit{Xanthomonas oryzae}}
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