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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Genetically Modified Crops in Iran: Opportunities and Challenges for Food Security},pdfauthor={Houman Liaghati, Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani, Majid Zohari, Hossein Mahmoudi, Hossein Azadi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food safety, food security, gM crops, Iran},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Genetically Modified Crops in Iran: Opportunities and Challenges for Food Security\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Hossein Mahmoudi, Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Velenjak, 1983963113~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{aseman421@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Houman Liaghati$^{1}$, Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani$^{2}$, Majid Zohari$^{3}$, Hossein Mahmoudi$^{4}$, Hossein Azadi$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Shahid Beheshti, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Groningen, Centre for Development Studies, The Netherlands}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Liaghati, Houman}
\index[author]{Mahdavi Damghani, Abdolmajid}
\index[author]{Zohari, Majid}
\index[author]{Mahmoudi, Hossein}
\index[author]{Azadi, Hossein}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Food insecurity is a serious concern in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries including Iran. When people suffer from sustainable access and socially acceptable to secure and safe nutritious, finding an appropriate solution is a critical task for all the stockholders in food's chain in those societies. One of the main solutions that has recently been discussing more and more is producing genetically modified foods. The development of GM crop varieties has raised a wide range of new legal, ethical and economic questions in agriculture. On the one hand, the main advantage of GM foods is their potential promise of future food security, especially for the hungers in developing countries including Iran where the country suffers from chronic drought, small"=scale farming system and soil fertility problems. In such circumstances, GM crops can be a considerable help to meet these problems. On the other hand, while GM crops might create great possibilities to ensure future food security, concerns about negative impacts associated with the introduction and proliferation of GM foods are considerably increasing. GM foods are not only argued to be associated with the environmental and health risks but also are being critiqued over the uncertainties of consumers' acceptance. Consumer organisations, environmentalists and other non"=governmental organisations in Iran are increasingly expressing their fears on food safety, ethical, religious and environmental concerns about GM crops. This paper aims at discussing and evaluating the main potential impacts of the genetically modified crops both on food security and food safety in Iran. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food safety, food security, gM crops, Iran
\index[key]{Food!safety}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{GM crops}
\index[key]{Iran}
\end{document}