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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Environmental Factors on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pistacia Atlantica and P. Khinjuk in Ilam, Iran},pdfauthor={Javad Mirzaei, Moslem Akbarinia, Ebrahim Mohamadi Goltapeh},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus fasiculatum, Ilam, Iran, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia khinjuk},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect of Environmental Factors on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pistacia Atlantica and P. Khinjuk in Ilam, Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Javad Mirzaei, Tarbiat Modares University, Forestry, Tehran- Gisga- Tarbiat Modares University- Agriculter College- Plant Pathology Department, 0098~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mirzaei.javad@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Javad Mirzaei$^{1}$, Moslem Akbarinia$^{2}$, Ebrahim Mohamadi Goltapeh$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Forestry, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Forestry, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Tarbiat Modares University, Plant Pathology, }}}
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\index[author]{Mirzaei, Javad}
\index[author]{Akbarinia, Moslem}
\index[author]{Mohamadi Goltapeh, Ebrahim}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbionts for most terrestrial plants. AMF take up nutrients, especially phosphorus, Nitrogen and water from the soil especially in regions with these limitations. Nutrients are then exchanged for carbon from the host plant. In forests, more than \mbox{80\,\%} of pioneer and early successional plant species have AMF symbiosis. AMF have therefore an important role in the recuperation and restoration of both deforested zones and gaps, influencing the establishment ability and persistence of the pioneer plants, and affecting the plant succession. Soil characteristics, plant species and climate may regulate the AMF community.  For studying the effects of environmental factors on mycorrhizal fungi associated with Pistacia atlantica and P. khinjuk in Ilam, soil and physiographic factors was sampled in their habitats and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, pH, Ec, apparent specific weight of soil, Clay, Silt and Sand were analyzed. Moreover fungi were identified and frequency of spore determined. The present study recorded a total of 8 AM fungal species belonging to tow genera. Result showed that Glomus genus and G. fasiculatum had the most number of spores in this region.  Mishkhas, Eyvan and Nakhchir habitat in north had the most and Tangevar and Badre in south had the least spore abundance. Result also showed that  number of spores have positive correlation with elevation, tree cover, tree diameter,  litter and organic matter and negative with P, Mg and apparent specific weight of soil. Moreover result showed that spores were abundance in spring season than in autumn. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus fasiculatum, Ilam, Iran, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia khinjuk
\index[key]{Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi}
\index[key]{Glomus fasiculatum}
\index[key]{Ilam}
\index[key]{Iran}
\index[key]{Pistacia atlantica}
\index[key]{Pistacia khinjuk}
\end{document}