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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Renewable Energy Developments in Kenya},pdfauthor={Rhoda Birech, Daniel Kyalo, Bernhard Freyer, Kibet Ngetich, Joyce Maling'a, Chalmers Mulwa, Charles Obiero},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biofuel, electricity, geothermal, policies, trade-offs, wind},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Renewable Energy Developments in Kenya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Rhoda Birech, Egerton University, Crop Horticulture and Soil Sciences, P.O. Box 536, 20115~Egerton, Kenya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{rhodabirech@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Rhoda Birech$^{1}$, Daniel Kyalo$^{2}$, Bern\-hard Fre\-yer$^{3}$, Kibet Ngetich$^{4}$, Joyce Maling'a$^{5}$, Chalmers Mulwa$^{2}$, Charles Obiero$^{1}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Egerton University, Crop Horticulture and Soil Sciences, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Egerton University, Agricultural Economics \& Agri-Business Management, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of  Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Inst. of Organic Farming, Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Egerton University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Njoro-Kenya, Biotechnology, Kenya}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Birech, Rhoda}
\index[author]{Kyalo, Daniel}
\index[author]{Fre\-yer, Bern\-hard}
\index[author]{Ngetich, Kibet}
\index[author]{Maling'a, Joyce}
\index[author]{Mulwa, Chalmers}
\index[author]{Obiero, Charles}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Kenya has for a long time relied on electricity for industrial processes (\mbox{9\,\%} of total energy), petroleum energy in the automobile industry (\mbox{22\,\%}) and biomass energy in rural homes (\mbox{68\,\%}). Electricity is supplied by a chain of hydro"=power stations situated mainly along River Tana in Kenya and from the Owen falls, along River Nile in Uganda. Only \mbox{10\,\%} of Kenya's current 40 million people are connected to electricity. The country's hydro"=electricity is hampered by chronic droughts occasioned by deforestation; therefore traditional sources can no longer supply sufficient energy for the nation. A study was carried out in Kenya to answer the following questions: 1. How is Kenya harnessing its alternative energy sources in the face of continual energy scarcity? 2. What is Kenya's production and technological potential for the different renewable energy sources? 3. Which renewable energy options can reach different scales of households, institutions, industry? 4. What policies have Kenya put in place to develop each of the renewable energy options? The data was obtained through scientific literature review and experts interviews in the Ministry of Energy and other energy firms. Data was analysed by content and results indicated that there is high potential for renewable energy development in Kenya with a number of policies having been formulated to stimulate its production from different sources at varied scales. The country is aggressively exploring alternative, cleaner and greener energy in the following ways:



a)	Geothermal: The country has commissioned an extra 2,000 megawatts from Rift Valley by 2018, up from the current 1,021 megawatts. 



b)	Wind: Commissioning of wind power near Lake Turkana is poised to provide 300 megawatts  to satisfy up to \mbox{30\,\%} of Kenya's current total  power by 2012.



c)	Biofuel: Renewed interest exists to develop diverse forms of bioenergy to include biodiesel, biogas and bioethanol.



That Kenya is marshalling its resources and sourcing for donor support for technical and capital investment for renewable energy development. This paper explores the potential for renewable energy, discusses technological and investment costs, food versus fuel trade"=offs and samples key policies geared towards achieving energy self sufficiency, diversity and exportation of surpluses.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biofuel, electricity, geothermal, policies, trade"=offs, wind
\index[key]{Biofuel}
\index[key]{Electricity}
\index[key]{Geothermal}
\index[key]{Policies}
\index[key]{Trade"=offs}
\index[key]{Wind}
\end{document}