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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Floristic Assessment of Reclaimed Wetlands in West"=usambara, Tanzania},pdfauthor={Collins Handa, Bodo Möseler, Mathias Becker, Helida Oyieke, Miguel Alvarez},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Eastern Arc Mountain, Floristic Inventory, Neophytes, PCA, raunkiaer's Life Forms, resilience, Small Wetlands},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Floristic Assessment of Reclaimed Wetlands in West"=usambara, Tanzania\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Collins Handa, Universty of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Nußallee 13, +49~Bonn, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{handacollins@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Collins Handa$^{1}$, Bodo Möseler$^{2}$, Mathias Becker$^{3}$, Helida Oyieke$^{4}$, Miguel Alvarez$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Universty of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Universty of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$National Museums of Kenya, Centre for Biodiversity, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Geobotany and Nature Conservation, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Handa, Collins}
\index[author]{Möseler, Bodo}
\index[author]{Becker, Mathias}
\index[author]{Oyieke, Helida}
\index[author]{Alvarez, Miguel}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Many small wetlands in developing countries are fast disappearing due to reclamation for agricultural use and settlement. In East Africa, this practice has reached an alarming level as the rising population and erratic weather conditions drive rural populations from uplands to the wetlands. In order to gauge the consequences of such activities on wetlands, we conducted an assessment of plants species associated with reclaimed wetlands within Lukozi village, Lushoto district of Tanzania in 2009. Plot based methods were used to assess 65 plots under vegetables, either abandoned or fallow, and Typha capensis stands. Species presence was recorded in nested quadrates of 0.1, 1 and 10 m$^{2}$. Data on species traits including Raunkiaer's life form, habit and taxonomical group were collected. Soil and water were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, nitrates, phosphates and total carbon content. A total of 169 species were recorded, representing 56 plant families. Out of these, Poaceae were the most dominant family (\mbox{20\,\%}) followed by \textit{Solanaceae} and \textit{Asteraceae} with \mbox{8\,\%} and \mbox{7\,\%}, respectively. On species affinity to wetlands, \mbox{52\,\%} were facultative, \mbox{43\,\%} obligate upland, and \mbox{5\,\%} obligate wetlands. Annuals accounted for \mbox{60\,\%} of species. Major environmental factors controlling the distribution of neophytes within reclaimed wetlands included electrical conductivity, duration of flooding, and soil pH. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped plant species into four major categories in relation to soil types, hydrological regimes and land uses: 1) Chenopodiaceae, Oxalidae, and Apiaceae dominated plots cultivated with carrots or tomatoes, 2) Cyperaceae and Poaceae were mainly associated with fallow plots, 3) Typhaceae, Polygonaceae and Cyperaceae were the only dominant families in poorly drained or permanently waterlogged plots, and 4) \textit{Asteraceae} and Amaranthaceae dominated plots with mixed vegetable cropping. While the amount and availability of soil nutrients and pH are hypothesised to influence the presence of neophytes in the species composition within the sampled plots, we expect to confirm this with the results from ongoing soil analysis. Results show that reclaimed wetlands cannolonger perform ecological functions effectively. Nonetheless, traces of conservative plant species observed, is a pointer to the used wetlands' potential to self rejuvenation and resilience.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Eastern Arc Mountain, Floristic Inventory, Neophytes, PCA, raunkiaer's Life Forms, resilience, Small Wetlands
\index[key]{Eastern Arc Mountain}
\index[key]{Floristic Inventory}
\index[key]{Neophytes}
\index[key]{PCA}
\index[key]{Raunkiaer's Life Forms}
\index[key]{Resilience}
\index[key]{Small Wetlands}
\end{document}