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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Utilisation of Cassava Leaves (\textit{Manihot esculenta}) as a Natural Preservative for Raw Milk},pdfauthor={Hamza Eltaher},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cassava leaves, prolongation raw milk-life},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Utilisation of Cassava Leaves (\textit{Manihot esculenta}) as a Natural Preservative for Raw Milk\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Hamza Eltaher, Nyala University, Department of Animal Production, El-Wady Street, 00249~Nyala, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{hamzab2007@hotmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Hamza Eltaher}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Nyala University, Department of Animal Production, Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{Eltaher, Hamza}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding cassava leaves at different inclusion levels and their utilisation as a natural milk preservative. Twelve lactating does were divided into three groups and assigned to three cassava leaves inclusion levels (0.0, 15 and \mbox{20\,\%}) as experiment (1). The results of the first experiment revealed that titratable acidity percentage of the milk of goats fed on \mbox{20\,\%} cassava leaves was lower than those fed on \mbox{0.0\,\%} and \mbox{15\,\%} cassava at 5\textsuperscript{th}, 6\textsuperscript{th} and 7\textsuperscript{th} hour post"=milking, compared to the other two groups (0.0 and \mbox{15\,\%}). The result of this experiment elucidated that cassava leaves inclusions did not affect the keeping quality of goats' raw milk, and there is possibility of preservative effects if the cassava leaves inclusion increase. Accordingly, cassava leaves rate (\mbox{15\,\%}) was increased to the double.



The results of the new inclusion level indicated that titratable acidity percentage of the milk of goats fed on \mbox{30\,\%} cassava leaves was significantly ($p > 0.05$) lower than those raised on (0.0 and \mbox{20\,\%}) at 5\textsuperscript{th}, 6\textsuperscript{th} and 7\textsuperscript{th} hour post"=milking. Also, the clot"=on boiling results revealed that milk samples of goats offered \mbox{30\,\%} cassava leaves was significantly ($p > 0.05$) better than those fed on 0.0 and \mbox{20\,\%} cassava leaves at 7\textsuperscript{th} hour post"=milking. However, the resazurin reduction test revealed that all samples from the three groups showed disc reading below 4. It can possibly conclude that cassava leaves at \mbox{30\,\%} level, prolonged milk shelf"=life; but still, more investigations are needed to verify this point.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cassava leaves, prolongation raw milk-life
\index[key]{Cassava!leaves}
\index[key]{Raw milk"=life}
\index[key]{Goats}
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