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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Social Cash Transfer Pilots in Zambia: Comparing Project Designs and Nation"=building Spin"=off Effects},pdfauthor={Daniel Kumitz},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Basic Social Protection, Community Based Targeting, Generation-Gap Households, Governance, Government, Kalomo, Legitimacy, Local Markets, Nation-Building, Nationalism, Old Age Pensions, OVC, poverty Alleviation, Poverty Cycles, Social Cash Transfer, Unive},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Social Cash Transfer Pilots in Zambia: Comparing Project Designs and Nation"=building Spin"=off Effects\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Daniel Kumitz, Free University Berlin, Institute of Sociology, Development Sociology Dept., Hobrechtstr. 58 (private address), 12047~Berlin, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{dkumitz@gmx.net}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Daniel Kumitz}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Free University Berlin, Institute of Sociology, Development Sociology Dept., Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Kumitz, Daniel}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In May 2004 the Zambian Ministry of Community Development and Social Services started a pilot welfare project with support of the German Gesellschaft für technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) that has received a lot of international acclaim. The Social Cash Transfer Programme replaces in"=kind help by regular cash payments. The programme targets the \mbox{10\,\%} poorest, if they are incapacitated and dependent. In the Kalomo district most beneficiaries are grandparents with their orphaned grandchildren (generation"=gap households). The approximately 1200 households, which have been chosen by the local communities in a transparent and participative procedure (using volunteer committees that are elected locally), receive 7.5 US-\$ per month (10 US-\$ with children in the household; exchange rates median 2006--2008). The evaluations revealed, rather surprisingly, that the amount of money saved and later invested has risen continuously. Other indicators have also improved, such as health investments and attendance rates of school"=going children.







Hence, the Social Cash Transfer Scheme promises a new approach in poverty alleviation that hopes to combine several key features: a) efficiently targeting the poorest, b) infusing local economies with cash, c) allowing sustainable interruption of inter"=generation poverty cycles, d) reducing administrative costs of poverty and famine relief, while e) assuming that the poor are not irresponsible and should receive basic social protection in formalized, monetary and continuous form. In short, the approach is nothing less than a paradigmatic change in social policy instruments in developing countries.







The Kalomo pilot has been scaled up district"=wide and ten other districts have been or are about to be added. The ongoing analysis and policy process have yielded different concepts within the overall approach: community based targeting, universal old"=age pensions and universal child grants. These reflect different donor preferences, different social structures and poverty systems, as well as different administrative and technical infrastructures. Mild conditionality has also been tested.







The presentation offers to present the overall scheme with emphasis on the different project types, including mid"=term evaluation insights in the original Kalomo district programme and findings on possible nation"=building and government legitimacy spin"=off effects. The latter is the key interest of the presenter's current Ph.D. research project. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Basic Social Protection, Community Based Targeting, Generation-Gap Households, Governance, Government, Kalomo, Legitimacy, Local Markets, Nation-Building, Nationalism, Old Age Pensions, OVC, poverty Alleviation, Poverty Cycles, Social Cash Transfer, Unive
\index[key]{Basic Social Protection}
\index[key]{Community!Based Targeting}
\index[key]{Generation-Gap Households}
\index[key]{Governance}
\index[key]{Government}
\index[key]{Kalomo}
\index[key]{Legitimacy}
\index[key]{Local!Markets}
\index[key]{Nation-Building}
\index[key]{Nationalism}
\index[key]{Old Age Pensions}
\index[key]{OVC}
\index[key]{Poverty Alleviation}
\index[key]{Poverty Cycles}
\index[key]{Social!Cash Transfer}
\index[key]{Unive}
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