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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Variation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Grain Protein Concentration and Yield in Wheat Cultivars in Temperate Sub Humid},pdfauthor={Ali Rahemi-Karizaki, Serollah Galeshi, Afshin Soltani, Behnam Kamkar},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Grain protein concentration and grain yield, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen utilisation efficiency, wheat},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Variation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Grain Protein Concentration and Yield in Wheat Cultivars in Temperate Sub Humid\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ali Rahemi-Karizaki, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Agronomy, Basij Squre, 49138-15739~Gorgan, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{alirahemi@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ali Rahemi-Karizaki$^{1}$, Serollah Galeshi$^{2}$, Afshin Soltani$^{3}$, Behnam Kamkar$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Gorgan University of Agricultural Scienses, Agronomy, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Dept. of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Rahemi-Karizaki, Ali}
\index[author]{Galeshi, Serollah}
\index[author]{Soltani, Afshin}
\index[author]{Kamkar, Behnam}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Wheat (\textit{Triticum aestivum} L.) is the most important crops in Iran. Growing conditions, N, as one of the main inputs for cereal production systems. The nitrogen economy of wheat is considered in relation to both NUE and the relationships between grain protein content and composition and N supply. It is important that wheat breeders of worldwide consider selecting genotypes with high efficiency in remobilising N from vegetative parts to the grain or genotypes with high grain protein concentration and high nitrogen use efficiency. The increasing need to reduce pollution from N fertiliser is concomitantly strengthening the importance of improving the understanding of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of these crops. The objective of this study was to determine the significance and magnitude of variation in NUE, yield and grain protein concentration among diverse wheat genotypes in years of release. The field experiments were conducted in Iran in the growing seasons of 2007--2008 and 2008--2009 under well"=watered conditions. The 16 cultivars were sown in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The study revealed that most breeding effects on NUE were associated with change in nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUtE). However, our results indicated that NUE values for modern wheat cultivar than old wheat cultivar was improved Genetic improvement of grain yield was not paralleled by improvement of grain protein concentration (GPC) in a manner that with years of release grain yield improved but quality of grain not improved which may be attributed in part to the higher glucose costs for synthesis of protein than of carbohydrates. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Grain protein concentration and grain yield, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen utilisation efficiency, wheat
\index[key]{Grain protein concentration and grain yield}
\index[key]{Nitrogen!uptake efficiency}
\index[key]{Nitrogen!use efficiency}
\index[key]{Nitrogen!utilization efficiency}
\index[key]{Wheat}
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