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\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Carbon Storage and Carbon Balance in the North China Plain},pdfauthor={Xiaoning Zhao, Karl Stahr, Kelin Hu},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Carbon storage, CO2 emission, fertilisation treatment, irrigation, land managements, land use, nitrogen storage, tillage},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{The Carbon Storage and Carbon Balance in the North China Plain\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Xiaoning Zhao, University of Hohenheim, Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, 70593~Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ningning@uni-hohenheim.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Xiaoning Zhao$^{1}$, Karl Stahr$^{2}$, Kelin Hu$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Hohenheim, Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Hohenheim, Department of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$China Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, }}}
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\index[author]{Zhao, Xiaoning}
\index[author]{Stahr, Karl}
\index[author]{Hu, Kelin}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The North China Plain covers an area of 178,700 km$^{2}$, of which 88,500 km$^{2}$ is cultivated farmland and is one of the important food production centres in China. The agriculture is conducted by high level production intensities, crop rotations and yields. By the policy of the economic development and the big food demand of population, the sustainability of the land use is not fully considered and produces. Many problems as the watering overuse, the over fertilisation rise up. Now people have to face the problem of reduced water resources, the air and water pollution, soil degradation and the reduced forestry coverage. So my researches focus on the carbon storage in the different land managements and try to find the reasonable field managements for the carbon storage in the fields and the crop productions. There are five different managements in five stations, which are different fertilisation treatments, traditional irrigation and fertilisation and the optimised ones, different tillage treatments (no tillage treatment, conservative tillage treatment, and rotation tillage treatment) and different residue returning treatments. In the five experimental stations, Firstly, the carbon storage, the nitrogen storage and carbon balance could be measured. The different land use change (the tree land, the orchard and the grassland) would also be considered. Secondly, CO$_{2}$ emission would also be trace in the fields of different fertilisation and irrigation field treatments. Method for the field CO$_{2}$ emission is the alkali absorption technique. Lastly, the EPIC modelling would be used to model the carbon change in the history and future.







There have different treatments in experimental stations in the North China Plain.1.  In Hengshui experimental station there are 9 different fertilisation treatments (urea-N und P$_{2}$O$_{5}$-P) and residue return treatment. 2. In Quzhou experimental station, there are tree tillage treatments, notillage treatment (NT), conservative tillage treatment (CT), and conservative tillage treatment without residue return (CT0). 3. In Wuqiao, Quzhou and Dongbeiwang experimental station, there have two treatments (traditional irrigation and fertilisation and the optimised ones, residue management (returned). 4. In Luancheng experimental station, there have the different tillage managements, conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT), no"=tillage (NT).



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Carbon storage, CO$_{2}$ emission, fertilisation treatment, irrigation, land managements, land use, nitrogen storage, tillage
\index[key]{Carbon storage}
\index[key]{CO$_{2}$ emission}
\index[key]{Fertilisation treatment}
\index[key]{Irrigation}
\index[key]{Land!managements}
\index[key]{Land!use}
\index[key]{Nitrogen!storage}
\index[key]{Tillage}
\end{document}