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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Role of Non"=wood Forest Products on Livelihood of Rural Communities --- A Case of Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan},pdfauthor={Halla Abdu Rizig, Mohamed El Nour Taha, Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Elamin},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={FNC fee, household consumptions, livelihood, non-wood forest products, North Kordofan State, sheikan locality, Zakat fees},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\begin{document}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Role of Non"=wood Forest Products on Livelihood of Rural Communities --- A Case of Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Elamin, University of Kordofan, Department of Gum production, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Algama Street, 00249~El Obeid, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{hatim822002@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Halla Abdu Rizig$^{1}$, Mohamed El Nour Taha$^{2}$, Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Elamin$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Kordofan, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Forestry and Range Sciences, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Kordofan, Forestry and Range Sciences, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Kordofan, Department of Gum production, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Sudan}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Rizig, Halla Abdu}
\index[author]{Taha, Mohamed El Nour}
\index[author]{Elamin, Hatim Mohamed Ahmed}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The study was conducted at Abu Haraaz and Kazgeil Administrative Units. It aims to investigate the role of non"=wood forest products (NWFPs) on livelihood of rural communities in Sheikan Locality. The target groups include producers, collectors, traders of NWFPs, institutions dealing with taxes and fees on NWFPs and the beneficiary groups. Primary data were collected using two types of questionnaires; one for 20 traders and the other for 105 producers and collectors. Direct interviews were held with related staff of governmental institutions; Zakat Office, Elobied Crop Market and Local Council (Mahalia). Results  showed  \mbox{41.0\,\%}, \mbox{31.4\,\%}, \mbox{51.4\,\%}, \mbox{40.0\,\%}, \mbox{2.5\,\%}, \mbox{49.5\,\%} and \mbox{42.0\,\%} of the total number of respondents (105) use fruits of  \textit{Tamarindus indica} (Aradaib), Zizphus spini"=christi (Nabag), Balanites aegyptiaca (Lalob), \textit{Adansonia digitata} (Gongleize fruit), \textit{Acacia senegal} (Gum Arabic), \textit{Acacia nilotica} (Garad) and \textit{Grewia tenax} (Guddiem), respectively, for household consumption. While those involved in selling NWFPs constitute 30.5, 20.0, 20.0, 1.0, 94.0, 30.5 and \mbox{10.0\,\%} for fruits of \textit{Tamarindus indica}, Zizphus spini"=christi, Balanites aegyptiaca, \textit{Adansonia digitata}, \textit{Acacia senegal}, \textit{Acacia nilotica} and \textit{Grewia tenax}. The respondents who use NWFPs for both household consumption and selling constitute 28.6, 48.6, 28.6, 59.0, 3.5, 20.0 and \mbox{48.6\,\%} for \textit{Tamarindus indica} (Aradaib), Zizphus spini"=christi (Nabag), Balanites aegyptiaca (Lalob), \textit{Adansonia digitata} (Gongleize), \textit{Acacia senegal} (Gum Arabic), \textit{Acacia nilotica} (Garad) and \textit{Grewia tenax} (Guddeim), respectively. Also, results revealed that \mbox{81.0\,\%} of the respondents consider NWFPs as source of income, \mbox{100\,\%} as sources of food, \mbox{60.0\,\%} as fodder and medical remedies. Findings showed as well, local council receives the so"=called locality fees equivalent to \unitfrac[1.0]{SDG}{sack} from traders selling their products in central markets. The groups benefiting from locality fees are local council and markets in the locality in terms of services. The Zakat office issues yearly Zakat fees equivalent to \mbox{10\,\%} of the product value in cash or kind, usually distributed mainly to poor people in the area. The producers and traders of NWFPs pay Forests National Corporation (FNC) fee. It is recommended that relevant governmental institutions should consider the involvement of all concerned stakeholders in issuing fees and improving market conditions.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} FNC fee, household consumptions, livelihood, non"=wood forest products, North Kordofan State, sheikan locality, Zakat fees
\index[key]{FNC fee}
\index[key]{Household!consumptions}
\index[key]{Livelihood}
\index[key]{Non"=wood forest products}
\index[key]{North Kordofan State}
\index[key]{Sheikan locality}
\index[key]{Zakat fees}
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