Tropentag, October 7 - 9, 2008 in Hohenheim "Competition for Resources in a Changing World: New Drive for Rural Development"

Antibacterial Activity of Standard Eugenol against Salmonella spp

¹Chiang Mai University, Department of Animal Science, Thailand
²Chiang Mai University, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Thailand
³Chiang Mai University, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Thailand
⁴Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Germany

Abstract

Eugenol (C₁₀H₁₂O₂), is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i.e. 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenol. Eugenol is a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg and cinnamon and bay leaf. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor. Eugenol has been used at least since the nineteenth century and is still used in perfumeries, as flavourings, in analgesics, biocides, antiseptics, and in local anaesthetic due to its anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activities of standard eugenol against Salmonella spp. Forty eight samples of pig feces (n=16), sewage (n=3), pen floor (n=3), water (n=2) and pork (n=24) were treated with several concentration levels (0.0061 to 6.25 µl ml^-1) of standard eugenol in Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of the standard eugenol was lowest (0.0976 µl ml^-1) in 70.8 % of pork samples for S. risen and in 12.5 % of pork samples for S. lagos and S. krefeld. At 0.1953 µl ml^-1 eugenol showed antibacterial activities of S. rissen in 4.2 % of pork samples and at 0.3906 µl ml^-1 eugenol showed broad antibacterial activities of 7 strain of Salmonella spp. (S. rissen, S. krefeld, S. weltevreden, S. stanley, S. derdy, S. salamae, S. bovismorbifican) in all types of samples (100% of feces, sewage, pen floor and water). We further intend to determine effectiveness of standard eugenol as feed supplement in weaned pig diets for controlling diarrhoeal bacteria.

Keywords: Salmonella spp, standard eugenol, antibacterial activity

Contact Address: Nucha Simasatikul, Chiang Mai University, Department of Animal Science, Haui-Keaw Road, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand, e-mail: agahi001chiangmai.ac.th