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Tropentag, October 7 - 9, 2008 in Hohenheim
"Competition for Resources in a Changing World: New Drive for Rural Development"
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New Varieties of Rice through Gamma Rays Application to Tackle Food Disaster in East Java Regions, Indonesia
Sumardi Hs1, Nunun Barunawati2
1Brawijaya University, Food Technology, Indonesia
2Brawijaya University, Agronomy, Indonesia
Abstract
Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) is the one of staple foods at several regions in Indonesia that was gradually produced for fulfil daily necessity. The main problems at the rural areas in food production are not only the decrease green spaces for crop farming but also the decrease several varieties that have tolerate to current biotypes. In 1993, Indonesia produced paddies 48,2 ton per hectare, and it rose slightly at 52,24 ton per hectare in 1998. However, the increase paddies productions at this stage were not obvious supported by the number of population in Indonesia.
There are several alternatives that have conducted for getting the prominent seed to supply daily necessity, for instance producing new varieties that have high quality particularly tolerate to abiotic and biotic conditions as well as to enhance the variability of variety by breeding and mutation application. Both of them were common done in Indonesia for improving plant variability in recent time. Using the mutation methods by Gamma rays could reach the high characteristics for plant selection stage. It is very important to be done that crop farming is obvious correlate to seed quality which could establish at more extremely condition for example on drought land, high salinity and high temperature.
Producing a prominent seed, through Gamma rays application, have results several characters that are expected as we have collaboration with Nuclear Centre Association that concern on seed mutation production. In consequently, we take several main characters like dwarf, and tolerate to pest, disease attacks as well. The varieties are Mira-I, Yuwono and Diah Suci. They were widely spreaded at multi locations at East Java region in Indonesia that have appropriate climate to their characters.
The result presents that the mutation rice production had a high production at 9,8 ton per hectare and absolute tolerate to pest and disease. This methods are alternative for acquiring both new phenotypes and genotypes variability.
Keywords: Mutation, rice, Oryza sativa
Contact Address: Nunun Barunawati, Brawijaya University, Agronomy, Jalan Veteran, 65145 Malang, Indonesia, e-mail: nn_barunayahoo.com
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