Tropentag, October 9 - 11, 2007 in Witzenhausen "Utilisation of diversity in land use systems: Sustainable and organic approaches to meet human needs"

Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracted Betel Vine Leaf Against Salmonella spp.

¹Chiang Mai University, Department of Animal Science, Thailand
²Chiang Mai University, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Thailand
³Chiang Mai University, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Thailand
⁴Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Germany

Abstract

Betel leaf is an important component of daily consumption in Asia and Africa. Betel leaf constituents volatile oil (cadinene, carvacrol, caryophyllene, chavitbetol, chavicol, 1,8-cineole, estragole, eugenol, terpinyl acetate, etc.), amino acids, pyridine alkaloids, sitosterols, stigmasterol, tannins, vitamin C, oxalic acid, d(+)malic acid, n-hentriacontane, n-pentatriacontane and inorganic elements (fluoride, iron). The volatile oil from the betel leaf extract is antiseptic and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activities of crude extracted betel vine leaf against Salmonella spp. A total of 300 g crude extract was extracted from 2 kg fresh betel vine leaf (15% yield) by 95% ethanol. Fourty eight samples of pig feces (n=16), pen floor (n=3), sewage (n=3), water (n=2) and pork (n=24) were treated with several concentration ( 0.0061 to 6.25 µl ml^-1) of the betel vine leaf extracted in Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of the extracted was lowest in 4.2 % of pork samples (0.0244 µl ml^-1 for S. rissen) whereas highest in 18.75 % of fecal samples (1.5625 µl ml^-1 for S. krefold). At 0.3906 µl ml^-1 showed the antibacterial activities of 2 strain Salmonella spp. (S. rissen, S. lagos) in 45.8% of pork samples and at 0.7812 µl ml^-1 showed the broad antibacterial activities of 8 strain Salmonella spp.(S. rissen , S. lagos, S. krefold, S. weltevreden, S. Stanley, S. derdy, S. salamae, S. bovismorbifican) in all type of samples (100% of sewage, pen floor and water, 81.25% of feces, 50% of pork). We further intend to determine effective constituents in betel leaf and use the crude extracted as feed supplement in weaned pig diets for controlling diarrheal bacteria.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity, crude extracted betel vine, Salmonella spp.

Contact Address: Nucha Simasatikul, Chiang Mai University, Department of Animal Science, Haui-Keaw Road, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand, e-mail: agahi001chiangmai.ac.th